Hello,
First, does Nicolas solution can be a good solution for you ?
This results are very strange, we process some tests on our localhost and so far wasn't able to reproduce your issue.
From this we process some tests on your website, And these badges come from your module in the foot of your product page.
Now, in order to progress on your subject and understand the root issue (HikaShop or something else), can you process some tests with a default template like ProtoStar.
Awaiting news from you to move forward on your subject.
Regards