Hi,
I don't think that's the way to go about it.
First, the tags in the product name are automatically removed by the ShipStation plugin. So removing the image from the name shouldn't change anything.
However, what I can see is that there is a limit of 200 characters for the product name.
In that case, I would rather recommend to change the line:
<Name><![CDATA[' . (string)strip_tags($product->order_product_name) . ']]></Name>'.
to:
<Name><![CDATA[' . substr((string)strip_tags($product->order_product_name),0,200) . ']]></Name>'.
in the file plugins/system/shipstation/shipstation.php
That way, even if the number of characters of the product is longer than 200 characters, it will be cut after that when sending the data to ShipStation.