Hi,
This looks like a bug in the smart search system of Joomla.
It's trying to add an entry to the finder_links_terms0 table while that enrty already exists and the table structure forbids this.
There should either be a check in com_finder to not do the insert if the entry is already there, or change the "INSERT INTO" to a "INSERT IGNORE INTO" so that the MySQL query would not fail if the data would already be there.
Of course disabling the HikaShop finder plugin will "solve" the problem since it's this plugin which asks com_finder to reindex the product data. So when you disable it, there is no reindexing and thus no error.
Now I'm not familiar enough with the finder system to be able to say what should be done. But I think we can't do anything in HikaShop to avoid that error.
What you can try is to delete the entry with the link_id 37 and with the term_id 50628 in the table finder_links_terms0 via your phpmyadmin. That way, that query won't fail and hopefully it should work fine.