Hi,
Yes and no.
For show_default, you have a "layout on product page" in the HikaShop configuration as default for all the products, and a "layout" setting in each product to override this default so that you can have per product layouts.
In that sense, there is no "per category" layout setting for the product card of listings. This would be strange in some cases.
For example, if you display a HikaShop content module configured to display a listing of best sellers, it's likely the products will come from different categories. And having different products on the same listing displayed with different item layout could lead to strange results. Also, a product can be linked to different categories, which could potentially be linked to different item layouts.
However, there is an indirect way to do it per category: Suppose that you have a "Shop" menu item to access the listing of your categories and then you click on a category to get to its products listing, and then you click on a product to access the product's details page. You could configure a sub menu item named "A" as child of that "Shop" menu item and with its type as a categories listing or products listing, and with its main category set to category "A". Then on the Shop menu item, when clicking on "A", HikaShop would automatically switch you to the sub menu item "A". And in that sub menu item, you can configure an item layout for the products of that category under the "Products options" tab. And you can do the same for category B with a sub menu item B, with a different item layout selected for the products of that category.